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Abstract
X-ray Florescence (XRF) is a widely used non-destructive method that measures the elemental composition of materials. This technology was applied to investigate the rocks and sediments in the Luquillo Mountains / El Yunque region of Puerto Rico. Initial testing of wet and dry sediments revealed that the machine records higher elemental concentrations in dry compared to wet sediments as it seems that the water molecules interfere with the X-ray beam on wet samples. The XRF method on dried samples produced reliable results and allowed for the chemical separation of the five basic bedrock types found in the Luquillo Mountains. Of the volcanoclastic the Fajardo Formation can be distinguished from the others by its concentration of Barium (Ba) and Rubidium (Rb). The Unnamed formation was distinguished by Copper (Cu) and the Hato Puerto Formation was distinguished by Nickel (Ni) and Strontium (Sr). The Rio Blanco granodiorite is the youngest rock type of the region and was the only formation whose elemental chemistry was not distinguishable from the othersapparently because it was formed directly from the basic magma that also formed the Luquillo Mountains volcanic rocks. Recent studies have found high levels of Mercury (Hg) in Luquillo stream water. Knowing that the Luquillo region was heavily mined for Gold (Ag) and Silver (Au), the Hg used in historic mining is a possible source of the elevated Hg values. The XRF analysis indicated small quantities of Hg in some rocks but no Hg was found in the sediments and soils surrounding the historic mining sites. Therefore if Hg had been used in historic mining operations it is no longer apparent in the sediments and has presumably been removed by erosion of the site.
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Content
ReadMe.md
LCZO -- Soil Geochemistry -- X-ray Florescence -- Luquillo Mountains -- (2010)
OVERVIEW
Description/Abstract
X-ray Florescence (XRF) is a widely used non-destructive method that measures the elemental composition of materials. This technology was applied to investigate the rocks and sediments in the Luquillo Mountains / El Yunque region of Puerto Rico. Initial testing of wet and dry sediments revealed that the machine records higher elemental concentrations in dry compared to wet sediments as it seems that the water molecules interfere with the X-ray beam on wet samples. The XRF method on dried samples produced reliable results and allowed for the chemical separation of the five basic bedrock types found in the Luquillo Mountains. Of the volcanoclastic the Fajardo Formation can be distinguished from the others by its concentration of Barium (Ba) and Rubidium (Rb). The Unnamed formation was distinguished by Copper (Cu) and the Hato Puerto Formation was distinguished by Nickel (Ni) and Strontium (Sr). The Rio Blanco granodiorite is the youngest rock type of the region and was the only formation whose elemental chemistry was not distinguishable from the othersapparently because it was formed directly from the basic magma that also formed the Luquillo Mountains volcanic rocks. Recent studies have found high levels of Mercury (Hg) in Luquillo stream water. Knowing that the Luquillo region was heavily mined for Gold (Ag) and Silver (Au), the Hg used in historic mining is a possible source of the elevated Hg values. The XRF analysis indicated small quantities of Hg in some rocks but no Hg was found in the sediments and soils surrounding the historic mining sites. Therefore if Hg had been used in historic mining operations it is no longer apparent in the sediments and has presumably been removed by erosion of the site.
Creator/Author
Nawal, C.|Scatena, F.N.
CZOs
Luquillo
Contact
Miguel Leon, Miguel.Leon@unh.edu
Subtitle
Exploration of the Geological Formations of the Luquillo Mountain Range of North Eastern Puerto Rico using X-ray Florescence
SUBJECTS
Disciplines
Geochemistry / Mineralogy
Topics
Soil Geochemistry
Subtopic
X-ray Florescence
Keywords
X-ray Florescence|Soil Geochemistry
Variables
Ti|Mn|Fe|Co|Cu|Zn|Rb|Sr|Zr|Ba| Titanium|Manganese|Iron|Cobalt|Copper|Zinc|Rubidium|Strontium|Zirconium|Barium
Variables ODM2
Barium|Barium, dissolved|Acidity, CO2 acidity|Cobalt, dissolved|Copper, dissolved|Iron|Manganese|Rubidium|Strontium, dissolved|Titanium|Zinc, dissolved|Zirconium|Zirconium, dissolved
TEMPORAL
Date Start
2010-03-01
Date End
2010-04-30
SPATIAL
Field Areas
Northeastern Puerto Rico and the Luquillo Mountains
Location
Luquillo Mountains
North latitude
18.324044
South latitude
18.323332999999998
West longitude
-65.818056
East longitude
-65.815128
REFERENCE
Citation
Nawal, C. Scatena, F.N. Exploration of the Geological Formations of the Luquillo Mountain Range of North Eastern Puerto Rico using X-ray Florescence. Masters Thesis 2010. University of Pennsylvania.
CZO ID
3422
Additional Metadata
Name | Value |
---|---|
czos | Luquillo |
czo_id | 3422 |
citation | Nawal, C. Scatena, F.N. Exploration of the Geological Formations of the Luquillo Mountain Range of North Eastern Puerto Rico using X-ray Florescence. Masters Thesis 2010. University of Pennsylvania. |
keywords | X-ray Florescence, Soil Geochemistry |
subtitle | Exploration of the Geological Formations of the Luquillo Mountain Range of North Eastern Puerto Rico using X-ray Florescence |
variables | Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Ba, Titanium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Copper, Zinc, Rubidium, Strontium, Zirconium, Barium |
disciplines | Geochemistry / Mineralogy |
How to Cite
This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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