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Runoff and hillslope responses in variably channelized Arctic hillslope systems


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Created: May 30, 2025 at 4:32 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Jun 18, 2025 at 3:47 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

The Arctic is rapidly becoming warmer and wetter due to climate change. In response to these changes, hydrologic features such as water tracks – ubiquitous, unchannelized Arctic flow features – are potentially shifting towards a more channelized drainage network due to permafrost thaw and degradation. However, the impact that channelization has on hillslope hydrology in the upland Arctic is poorly understood. In this study, we aim to better constrain how channelization impacts runoff and hillslope-based storm responses in variably channelized hillslope hydrologic features (hereafter called TGCs). To do this, we instrumented three TGCs in northern Alaska, USA, with 15 hillslope wells and measured discharge at two of the three sites during the 2023 and 2024 thaw season. We used this field data to delineate storm events, calculated standardized storm response parameters, and compared responses with those at four nearby water tracks and one valley bottom stream. Results suggest that TGCs behave similarly to valley bottom streams with more rapid runoff responses than nearby water tracks. Furthermore, we found that gully presence steepens hydraulic gradients, lowering the water table in the adjacent hillslopes, leading to delayed initial storm responses on those hillslopes. Together, these patterns suggest that there is a spatiotemporally variable zone of saturation surrounding these TGCs that contributes to their rapid initial storm responses. These results suggest that increasingly channelized Arctic hillslope flow networks may be both more likely to cause landscape drying and delayed initial runoff responses, but changes in summer rainfall and connectivity across scales may moderate those impacts.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
Place/Area Name:
Toolik Field Station
Longitude
-149.5913°
Latitude
68.6272°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

readme.txt

This readme file was generated on 16 June 2025 by Brandon A. Yokeley

# GENERAL INFORMATION

Title of Dataset: Runoff and hillslope responses in variably channelized Arctic hillslope systems

## Author/Principal Investigator Information
Name: Brandon Yokeley
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4167-1895
Institution: Idaho State University
Address: 
Email: brandonyokeley@isu.edu

## Author/Associate or Co-investigator Information
Name: Sarah Godsey
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6529-7886
Institution: Idaho State University
Address: 
Email: godsey@isu.edu


## Date of data collection: May, 2022 - August 2024 
## Geographic location of data collection: Three hillslope water sheds near Toolik Field Station in Alaska, USA (149.381° W 68.617° N)
## Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (EAR-2102338, EAR-2235308, EAR-2102342, and EAR-1653998)


# SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION

Additional sources for base data:
ArcticDEM strip (Date: September 27 2021) for watershed delineation - https://fridge.pgc.umn.edu/

Recommended citation for this dataset: 
Yokeley, B., S. Godsey, S. G. Evans, A. Mohammed (2025). Runoff and hillslope responses in variably channelized Arctic hillslope systems, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/27b93ab856994e8485096fc591df5041


# DATA & FILE OVERVIEW

## File List:
data_folder/discharge_data - Contains a csv file for discharge at TGC1 and TGC2. 
data_folder/water_level_data - Contains three csv files for water level data at each study site. For this data, any dates with no water level data indicate no recordable water within the well (i.e. a dry well). For these files Wl - Grd [cm] is the water level relative to the land surface, with negative values indicated below the landsurface, and positive values representing ponded water at the surface. Site and Well Loc are the site and well location respectively. 
data_folder/soil_moisture_data - Contains the uncalibrated continuous soil moisture data. To convert to calibrated soil moisture use the following equation: 2.167 *  ^ (1.5063)
data_folder/precipitation_data - Contains the liquid precipitation data in for TGC1 and TGC2/TGC3.   
data_folder/misc_files - Contains an Excel file that has all of the delineated storm events, hillslope saturation data (percantage of time the hillslope wells contained water), runoff storm events, watershed areas, and hillslope well information. There are column descriptors for each sheet within their respective excel files.  
data_folder/python_scripts - Contains all the nessaracy python scripts to process this data. 


# METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION

## Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: 
All data was collected between May 2023 and August 2024. Water level data was captured using 2 in fully screened PVC wells that were installed to refusal in August 2022, and instrumented with sealed pressure transducers.  


## Methods for processing the data: 
The data provided here can be processed using the included pythons scripts. 

## Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: 
Python 3.9 - Packages include: Pandas, Numpy, SciPy, Seaborn, Matplotlib, Datetime, and Seaborn

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
National Science Foundation EAR-2102338
National Science Foundation EAR-2235308
National Science Foundation EAR-2102342
National Science Foundation EAR-1653998

How to Cite

Yokeley, B., S. Godsey, S. G. Evans, A. Mohammed (2025). Runoff and hillslope responses in variably channelized Arctic hillslope systems, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/27b93ab856994e8485096fc591df5041

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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