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Carbon Evasion Dynamics in a Tropical, High-Elevation, Peatland Ecosystem are Mediated by Watershed Morphology
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| Type: | Resource | |
| Storage: | The size of this resource is 3.5 MB | |
| Created: | Oct 25, 2024 at 2:18 a.m. | |
| Last updated: | Mar 18, 2025 at 12:25 a.m. (Metadata update) | |
| Published date: | Oct 25, 2024 at 3:24 p.m. | |
| DOI: | 10.4211/hs.5b7f7c870eed4f8591bc8be01b34ee54 | |
| Citation: | See how to cite this resource |
| Sharing Status: | Published |
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| Views: | 330 |
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Abstract
Inland waters emit large amounts of carbon and are key players in the global carbon budget. Particularly high rates of carbon emissions have been reported in streams draining mountains, tropical regions, and peatlands. However, few studies have examined the spatial variability of CO2 concentrations and fluxes occurring within these systems, particularly as a function of catchment morphology. Here we evaluated spatial patterns of CO2 in three tropical, headwater catchments in relation to the river network and stream geomorphology. We measured dissolved carbon dioxide (pCO2), aquatic CO2 emissions, discharge, and stream depth and width at high spatial resolutions along multiple stream reaches. Confirming previous studies, we found that tropical headwater streams are an important source of CO2 to the atmosphere. More notably, we found marked, predictable spatial organization in aquatic carbon fluxes as a function of landscape position. For example, pCO2 was consistently high (>10,000 ppm) at locations close to groundwater sources and just downstream of hydrologically connected wetlands, but consistently low (<1,000 ppm) in high gradient locations or river segments with larger drainage areas. Taken together, our findings suggest that catchment area and stream slope are important drivers of pCO2 and gas transfer velocity (k) in mountainous streams, and as such they should be considered in catchment-scale assessments of CO2 emissions. Furthermore, our work suggests that accurate estimation of CO2 emissions requires understanding of dynamics across the entire stream network, from the smallest seeps to larger streams.
Subject Keywords
Coverage
Spatial
Temporal
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Content
Additional Metadata
| Name | Value |
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| CO2_data | This file contains direct measurments of dissolved carbon dioxide (pCO2). Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) Site: the catchment in which pCO2 was measured, (2) x_pred: distance as predicted by a fitted spline in meters, (3) x: measured distance in the field in meters, (4) elevation extracted from a Digital Terrain Model in ArcPro in meters, (4) slope_mid: slope at the location of the pCO2 measurement, unitless, (5) pCO2: pCO2 measured in ppm |
| k600_data | This file contains calculated k600 using equations in Ulseth et al (2019. Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) site: name of stream reach, (2) dist_predict_m: distance predicted by spline, in meters, (3) dist_m: distance measured in the field, (4) depth_cm: depth measured in the field in cm, (5) width_cm: width measured in the field in cm, (6) ele_m: elevation in meters, (7) slope_mid, stream reach calculated using elevation upstream and downstream of the sample point, unitless (8) slope_up20: slope calculated using elevation 20 upstream and measurement elevation, unitless (9) catchment_ha: catchment size in ha, (10) Q_m3s: discharge in m3/s, (11) pCO2_ppm_interpolated: pCO2 linearly interpolated between measurements, in ppm(12) WaterTemp_c, water temperature in C, (13) AirPress_hPa: Air pressure in hPa, (14) AirTemp_c: air temperature in C, (15) v_ms: velocity in m/s, (16) eD: energy dissipation rate in m2/s3 (17) k600_lowEnergy: k600 calculated using equation for a low energy stream following Ulseth et al (2019), in m/d, (18) k600_highEnergy k600 calculated using equation for a high energy stream following Ulseth et al (2019), in m/d, (19) k600_final: selected k600 for eD of subreach with breakpoint of eD = .02, in m/d, (20) pCO2_air_ppm: partial pressure of CO2 in the air in ppm, (21) air_pressure_atm: air pressure in atm, (22) pCO2_air_atm: partial pressure of CO2 in the air in atm, (23) KH_mol.m3.atm: henry's constant adjusted for site temperature in mol/m3/atm, (24) Sc_co2: schmits constant for co2, (25) k.m.d: gas transfer velocity using k600 in column k600_final and schmidt's constant, (26) F_mol_m2_d: flux in mol/m2/d, (27) F_CO2_molperd: flux of CO2 in mol/3 |
| Discharge Data | This file contains all discharge data collected. Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) site: name of stream reach, (2) Q_m3s: discharge reported in m3/d, (3) catchment_ha: catchment size in ha |
| WidthDepth_data | This file contains field measurement of width and depth, and site characteristics derived from a DTM, elevation, slope, and catchment area. Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) site: name of stream reach, (2) site_2: name of stream reach with tributaries combined, (3) dist_predict_m: distance predicted by spline, in m, (4) dist_m: distance measured in the field in m, (5) depth_cm: depth in cm, (6) width_cm: width in cm, (7) ele_m: elevation in m, (8) slope_mid: slope calculated using elevation up and downstream of site, unitless (9) slope_up: slope calculated using upstream and site elevation, unitless (10) catchment_ha: catchment size in ha |
| ModeledFlux_data | This file contains calculates modeled estimates of CO2 evasion using equations for k600 in Ulseth et al (2012) and models of CO2 and stream geomorphology based on stream slope and catchment size derived from a DTM. Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) Cathcment_name: name of catchment, (2) ele: elevation in m, (3) flo_accu: flow accumulation in 5m2, (4) lat: latitude, (5) lon: longitude, (6) slope_mid: slope calculated using 10m upstream and 10 downstream, unitless, (6) slope_up20: slope calculated 20 m upstream, unitless, (7) catchment_ha: catchment size in ha. (8) co2: modeled pCO2 in ppm, (9) width: modeled width in cm (10) depth: modeled depth in cm, (11) Q: modeled discharge in m3/s, (12) v_ms: modeled velocity in m/s, (13) eD: energy dissipation rate in m2/s3 (14) k600_lowEnergy: k600 calculated using equation for a low energy stream following Ulseth et al (2019), in m/d, (15) k600_highEnergy k600 calculated using equation for a high energy stream following Ulseth et al (2019), in m/d, (16) k600_final: selected k600 for eD of subreach with breakpoint of eD = .02, in m/d, (17) pCO2_air_ppm: partial pressure of CO2 in the air in ppm, (18) air_pressure_atm: air pressure in atm, (19) pCO2_air_atm: partial pressure of CO2 in the air in atm, (20) pCO2_w_atm: partial pressure of CO2 in the water in atm,(21) KH_mol.m3.atm: henry's constant adjusted for site temperature in mol/m3/atm, (22) Sc_co2: schmits constant for co2, (23) k.m.d: gas transfer velocity using k600 in column k600_final and schmidt's constant, (24) F_mol_m2_d: flux in mol/m2/d, (25) F_CO2_molperd: flux of CO2 in mol/3 |
| CumulativeFlux_data | This file contains calculations for the cumulative flux of CO2 with distance downstream for 6 river reaches. Column names and descriptions are as follows: (1) site: name of the stream reach, (2) dist_m: distance downstream, in meters (3) width_cm: width of stream in cm, (4) pCO2: pCO2 measured in ppm, (5) k600_final: k600 calculated, (6) F_mol_m2_d: flux of CO2 in mol/m2/d, (7) F_CO2_molperd: Flux of CO2 in mol/d, (8) flux_sum, Sum of CO2 emissions from sub-reach and all sub-reaches measured upstream |
Credits
Funding Agencies
This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
| Agency Name | Award Title | Award Number |
|---|---|---|
| National Science Foundation (NSF) | #EAR-1847331 | |
| National Science Foundation (NSF) | #EAR-2317854 |
How to Cite
This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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