Time-averaged SPIV data for Unveiling surface-subsurface flow interactions of a salmon redd


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Owners: Brandon Hilliard
Type: Resource
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Created: Dec 02, 2023 at 10:07 a.m.
Last updated: Mar 11, 2025 at 7:31 p.m.
Published date: Mar 11, 2025 at 7:31 p.m.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.6382ee056239480389bcb9410f65ad67
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Sharing Status: Published
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Abstract

Female salmonids bury their eggs in streambed gravel by digging a pit where they lay their eggs, which they then cover with gravel from a second pit, forming a dune-like structure called a redd, having coarse grains on the surface due to the winnowing away of fine material. The interaction between a redd and the stream flow induces surface water to enter the sediment, flow through the egg pockets, and reemerge downstream of the redd crest. These downwelling and upwelling flows form the hyporheic exchange, which is vital for the embryos’ development because it regulates the egg pocket temperature regime and delivers oxygen-rich surface water to the embryos. Here, we experimentally investigate the effects of (1) redd surface roughness and (2) egg pocket presence on redd-induced hyporheic flows under different surface hydraulics. We use non-intrusive optical measurement techniques, including stereo particle image velocimetry (SPIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), in a large-scale flume by matching the refractive index of the solid grains (made of THV) and the fluid (water mixed with 15% Epsom salt). This allows us to see through the solid matrix of grains and map the flow fields above and within the salmon redd for four flow scenarios, e.g. slow and fast velocities with shallow and deep depths, two redd constructions, e.g. a smooth and rough surface, and with and without an egg pocket. Results indicate that the flow through the redd is approximately proportional to the square of the Froude number for the smooth redd, and more complex for the rough redd because roughness impacts flow characteristics. The egg pocket, having larger grains than the surrounding matrix, enhances mechanical dispersion that increases water mixing within the egg pocket and causes convergence of the downwelling fluxes towards the egg pocket. Article DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104947

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README.txt

December 2nd, 2023

"Unveiling surface-subsurface flow interactions of a salmon redd" (Hilliard et al. 2025, DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.104947)

Advances in Water Resources


This README file contains descriptions of nomenclature used for the time-averaged SPIV measurement data, which depicts
the surface flow characteristics. On HydroShare, the data is split into two folders which signify whether the data is for the
smooth salmon redd or rough salmon redd experiments. Within each folder are appropriately-named CSV files (separated by semi-colon), which contain 30 flow-relevant parameters, as well as appropriately-named vector images of the longitudinal (streamwise, u) velocity field for all four flow cases. Each row in the CSV files represents one grid point, or SPIV interrogation window. The columns are organized by rows of grid points from the original FOV, i.e., the first row of grid points is listed (top row; constant y, decreasing x), immediately followed by the second row of grid points, third row, fourth row, etc. In both the CSV and PNG files, flow is from right to left.


Abbreviations:
	SPIV - Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry
	SS - Slow & Shallow (Flow case)
	FS - Fast & Shallow (Flow case)
	SD - Slow & Deep (Flow case)
	FD - Fast & Deep (Flow case)
	USBC - Upstream Boundary Condition (Spatial data acquisition location)
	RL4 - Redd Location #4 (Spatial data acquisition location)
	Vx - Longitudinal, or streamwise, velocity component (u)

30 parameters (and their [units]) listed in the CSV files, which contain time-averaged SPIV data:
	x [mm] - X-position (X = 0 at redd start)
	y [mm] - Y-position (Y = 0 at water surface)
	Velocity u [m/s] - Longitudinal (streamwise) velocity component
	Velocity v [m/s] - Vertical (normal to sediment bed) velocity component
	Velocity w [m/s] - Transversal (cross-stream) velocity component
	Velocity V [m/s] - Velocity resultant
	du/dx [1/s] - Longitudinal (streamwise) velocity component gradient w.r.t longitudinal (x) direction
	du/dy [1/s] - Longitudinal (streamwise) velocity component gradient w.r.t vertical (y) direction
	dv/dx [1/s] - Vertical (normal to sediment bed) velocity component gradient w.r.t longitudinal (x) direction
	dv/dy [1/s] - Vertical (normal to sediment bed) velocity component gradient w.r.t vertical (y) direction
	dw/dx [1/s] - Transversal (cross-stream) velocity component gradient w.r.t longitudinal (x) direction
	dw/dy [1/s] - Transversal (cross-stream) velocity component gradient w.r.t vertical (y) direction
	w_z [1/s] - Vorticity of flow (dv/dx - du/dy)
	|w_z| [1/s] - Absolute value of w_z
	div 2D [1/s] - 2D Divergence of flow (du/dx + dv/dy)
	L_ci [1/s^2] - 2D swirling strength
	N [-] - Number of vectors (samples)
	Rxx [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress x-x (1-1)
	Rxy [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress x-y (1-2)
	Rxz [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress x-z (1-3)
	Ryy [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress y-y (2-2)
	Ryz [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress y-z (2-3)
	Rzz [m^2/s^2] - Reynolds stress z-z (3-3)
	SD Vx [m/s] - Standard deviation of Velocity u
	SD Vy [m/s] - Standard deviation of Velocity v
	SD Vz [m/s] - Standard deviation of Velocity w
	Unc V [m/s] - SPIV measurement uncertainty of velocity resultant V
	Unc Vx [m/s] - SPIV measurement uncertainty of longitudinal (streamwise) velocity component (u)
	Unc Vy [m/s] - SPIV measurement uncertainty of vertical (normal to sediment bed) velocity component (v)
	Unc Vz [m/s] - SPIV measurement uncertainty of transversal (cross-stream) velocity component (w)
	

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How to Cite

Hilliard, B., W. J. Reeder, R. Budwig, V. Durgesh, B. Bhattarai, B. T. Martin, T. Xing, D. Tonina (2025). Time-averaged SPIV data for Unveiling surface-subsurface flow interactions of a salmon redd, HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.6382ee056239480389bcb9410f65ad67

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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