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Dams and reservoirs are often needed to provide environmental water and maintain suitable water temperatures for downstream ecosystems. We evaluate if water allocated to the environment, with storage to manage it, might allow environmental water to more reliably meet ecosystem objectives than a proportion of natural flow. We use a priority-based water balance operations model and a reservoir temperature model to evaluate 1) pass-through of a portion of reservoir inflow versus 2) allocating a portion of storage capacity and inflow for downstream flow and stream temperature objectives. We compare trade-offs to other senior and junior priority water demands. In many months, pass-through flows exceed the volumes needed to meet environmental demands. Storage provides the ability to manage release timing to use water efficiently for environmental benefit, with a co-benefit of increasing reservoir storage to protect cold-water at depth in the reservoir.
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READ-ME: Storing Water for the Environment
Reservoir Temperature Model
Sarah Null
3-11-24
Included Data and Files
1. Water balance output data – the water balance model and output are available from H. Zeff, Storing Water for the Environment (SwftE), 2022, GitHub repository, https://github.com/hbz5000/SwftE.
2. Reservoir Temperature Modeling Sets –Water Quality for River-Reservoir Systems (WQRRSR) input data, output data, scripts to process data, and select processed results. This folder contains files for 16 modeling sets (Table 1).
3. R_figure4 – code to generate Figure 4 in Null et al., Storing and Managing Water for the Environment is More Efficient than Mimicking Natural Flows.
4. Figure6 – excel file to generate Figure 6 in Null et al., Storing and Managing Water for the Environment is More Efficient than Mimicking Natural Flows.
To Run the Model:
To run the model, use the .prn input file and the executable. There is one .prn file for each modeling set.
Download the Water Quality for River-Reservoir Systems (WQRRSR) executable, developed by US ACE Hydrologic Engineering Center, 1978.
WQRRSR.exe executable and instruction sheet download: https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/legacy/wqrrs/
User's manual download: https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/publications/ComputerProgramDocumentation/WQRRS_UsersManual_(CPD-8).pdf
To match output file names in R post-processing scripts, use the following output file names:
NAME OF WQRRSR INPUT FILE:
===>0ms_10%EWB.prn
NAME OF OUTPUT FILE FOR PRINTED REPORT:
===>1
NAME OF PROFILE 1 OUTPUT FILE:
2
NAME OF OUTFLOW QUALITY OUTPUT FILE:
3
All output can be deleted except output files 1, 2, and 3 text files.
File 1: Simulation results
File 2: Reservoir vertical layer water quality constituent results
File 3: Hourly simulation results for water quality constituent results
To Process Results
The R script ‘ProcessWQRRSoutput.R’ requires model output files 2 and 3, Measured_KWK.csv, and RealDates.csv. The script produces the following files:
1. Reservoir releases - monthly reservoir release flow (m3/s) water temperature (°C), measured water temperature at Keswick, CA (°C), the threshold for suitable stream temperatures (p1) (°C), the threshold for optimal stream temperatures (p2) (°C), and months that stream temperatures exceeded the thresholds.
2. Reservoir profiles – monthly reservoir layers (count), reservoir depth (m), elevation (m), water temperature (°C), and area (m2).
3. Twelve °C isoline – reservoir depth and volume of the 12 °C isoline.
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