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Kansas River Flow Event Characteristics and Nitrate C-Q Responses


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Created: Jan 13, 2025 at 7:09 p.m.
Last updated: Mar 17, 2025 at 2:17 p.m.
Published date: Mar 17, 2025 at 2:17 p.m.
DOI: 10.4211/hs.88b6f56954ee48e286a510e11697c1e0
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Abstract

Data and analysis of event-scale nitrate C-Q relationships in the Kansas River Basin, USA for 215 flow events observed from October 2013 - August 2022. Data includes characteristics of each flow event such as outlet discharge statistics, spatial distributions of precipitation, outflows from major reservoirs in the basin, and nitrate concentration dynamics summarized into common C-Q indices. Scripts record all of the steps used in analyzing this data in preparation for a manuscript submitted to Water Resources Research. See the readme.txt for general usage instructions.

Subject Keywords

Coverage

Spatial

Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
North Latitude
41.2881°
East Longitude
-94.5483°
South Latitude
38.3797°
West Longitude
-103.7921°

Temporal

Start Date:
End Date:

Content

readme.txt

Analysis of event-scale nitrate C-Q relationships in the Kansas River Basin, USA.

This release contains all data and scripts used in the preparation of a manuscript submitted to Water Resources Research.

The scripts in the root directory starting with '0_' and ending with '8_' record the main steps of data collection and analysis. The 
directory '/DataFiles/' contains most of the files that were used or generated during the analysis. Files that were too large to include 
in this release (climate rasters, etc.) can all be generated through the main analysis scripts, with the exceptions of some CONUS-scale
shapefiles that were clipped to the study area extent in script '0_ksrb_shapefiles.R'. Scripts in the directory '/FigScripts/' were used 
to generate the figures in the directory '/Figures/'.

Several of the files contained within this release correspond to Supporting Information tables that were too large to include in the
standard Supporting Information document. These are:

Supporting Information Table S2 <-> '/DataFiles/hydro_data/event_delineations/adjustment_log.csv'
Supporting Information Table S3 <-> '/DataFiles/hydro_data/event_char/summary_stats.csv'
Supporting Information Table S4 <-> '/DataFiles/cluster_differences.csv'
Supporting Information Table S5 <-> '/DataFiles/event_summary.csv'

This last file, 'event_summary.csv' (Supporting Information Table S5), is the main data source for many of the key results presented in
the manuscript. Descriptions of its variables are as follows:

event: Event ID after the initial automated delineation process. Many delineated 
events were removed before being added to this table due to missing nitrate concentration 
data that prevented calculation of the CQ indices. Thus, this column does not necessarily 
follow sequential order.

FI_n: Flushing Index for nitrate concentrations. Measures degree of nitrate
enrichment or dilution during the rising limb of the event. Ranges from -1
to +1. See Vaughan et al. (2017) for formula and details.

HI_n: Hysteresis Index for nitrate concentrations. Measures degree of
clockwise/counterclockwise hysteresis in the nitrate C-Q loop. Ranges from
-1 to +1. See Vaughan et al. (2017) for formula and details.

start_dateTime, end_dateTime: Start and end times of the flow event.

wateryear: Water year at the start of the event. Water years begin in October
of the preceding calendar year, so October 2013 is the first month of the 2014
water year.

month, season: Month and season at the start of the event. Winter = Dec - Feb, 
Spring = Mar - May, Summer = Jun - Aug, Fall = Sep - Nov.

yday: Julian day at the start of the event.

duration: Duration of event from start to end in days.

duration_since_last: Duration from start of event to end of preceding event in 
days.

{statistic}_Q: Statistics on discharge, in m^3/s unless otherwise noted.

	statistics: 
		initial = discharge at event start
		max = maximum discharge during event
		delta = maximum discharge minus initial discharge
		delta_rat = ratio of delta discharge to initial discharge
		total = summed discharge over entire course of event [in m^3]

initial_N: Nnitrate concentration at the event start

p_{huc8}_{variable}: Characteristics related to precipitation, summarized as
the spatial mean across each of the 43 HUC 8s in the KSRB. Measured in mm.

	huc8s: Delineated in '/DataFiles/shapefiles/created/huc8_boundaries.shp'.
	Designation of 'global' means the global mean across the entire basin.
		
	variables:
		1d_total = total amount of precipitation that fell during the event and within
		1 day prior to the event (to account for travel time through the basin)

		30d_ante = total amount of precipitation that fell within 30 days prior to
		the start of the event  

d_{huc8}_spei12: Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index calculated
on a 12-month timescale and averaged across each of the 43 HUC 8s in the KSRB. 
Gives the drought status of the measured area on a normalized scale, where positive
values indicate wetter-than-normal conditions and negative values indicate
drier-than-normal conditions (in standard deviations) over the calculated 
timescale. See Vicente-Serrano et al. (2010) for more details.

	huc8s: Delineated in '/DataFiles/shapefiles/created/huc8_boundaries.shp'.
	Designation of 'global' means the global mean across the entire basin.

r_{reservoir}_share: Ratio of total outflow from each major reservoir in the 
KSRB to total runoff during each event. Measures the proportion of the event's
total runoff that is comprised of outflows from that reservoir.  All outflow 
data obtained from USGS gages immediately downstream (< 10 km in all cases) 
of the reservoir outflow points.

	reservoirs: Delineated in '/DataFiles/shapefiles/created/reservoirs.shp'
		t = Tuttle Creek Lake (gage #06887000)
		m = Milford Lake (gage #06857100)
		p = Perry Lake (gage #06890900)
		c = Clinton Lake (gage #06891500)
		k = Kanopolis Lake (gage #06865500)
		wi = Wilson Lake (gage #06868200)
		wa = Waconda Lake (gage #06875900)

reservoir_runoff_ratio: The above ratio but calculated for all reservoir outflows
summed together. Measures overall reservoir influence of an event.

Data Services

The following web services are available for data contained in this resource. Geospatial Feature and Raster data are made available via Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services. The provided links can be copied and pasted into GIS software to access these data. Multidimensional NetCDF data are made available via a THREDDS Data Server using remote data access protocols such as OPeNDAP. Other data services may be made available in the future to support additional data types.

Related Resources

The content of this resource is derived from PRISM Climate Group. (2023). PRISM Gridded Climate Data [Data set]. Retrieved from https://prism.oregonstate.edu
The content of this resource references Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., & López-Moreno, J. I. (2010). A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1
The content of this resource references Vaughan, M. C. H., Bowden, W. B., Shanley, J. B., Vermilyea, A., Sleeper, R., Gold, A. J., et al. (2017). High‐frequency dissolved organic carbon and nitrate measurements reveal differences in storm hysteresis and loading in relation to land cover and seasonality. Water Resources Research, 53(7), 5345–5363. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020491
The content of this resource is derived from US Geological Survey. (2023). National Water Information System data available on the World Wide Web (USGS Water Data for the Nation) [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
National Institute of Food and Agriculture IRRIGATION AT THE NEW 100TH MERIDIAN: ADAPTATION TO MANAGE CLIMATE RISKS AND PRESERVE WATER RESOURCES IN THE EASTERN KANSAS RIVER BASIN 2022-67019-37181
National Science Foundation Collaborative Research: Network Cluster: Using Big Data approaches to assess ecohydrological resilience across scales 2012123

How to Cite

Hatley, C., E. Seybold, S. Zipper, A. Burgin, D. Kincaid, L. Li, J. Perdrial, D. Rizzo, K. L. Underwood (2025). Kansas River Flow Event Characteristics and Nitrate C-Q Responses, HydroShare, https://doi.org/10.4211/hs.88b6f56954ee48e286a510e11697c1e0

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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