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A Fragility Framework for Surface Erosion with Application to Earthen Dam Breaching: Resources


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Created: Apr 21, 2025 at 4:30 p.m. (UTC)
Last updated: Sep 20, 2025 at 2:28 p.m. (UTC)
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Abstract

Overtopping failures of earthen dams are a growing concern under intensifying extreme rainfall. This study introduces a probabilistic fragility framework that combines hydrologic modeling, hydraulic analysis, and soil erodibility to assess erosion risk under uncertain load and resistance. Fragility curves derived from Monte Carlo simulations quantify erosion initiation and severity as functions of rainfall depth and excess shear stress. Application to multiple dams affected during the 2015 South Carolina floods reproduces observed outcomes ranging from complete breach to no damage. The framework also captures cascading effects, where failure of an upstream structure increases downstream loading and erosion potential. Compared with deterministic approaches, the method better represents outcome variability and provides a more reliable basis for dam safety assessment and flood risk mitigation.

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Content

readme.txt

Paper: A Fragility Framework for Surface Erosion with Application to Earthen Dam Breaching
Submitted to: WRR
Prepared by: Ege C. Kurter, Ayman M. Nemnem, M. Hanif Chaudhry and Jasim Imran
Email to egecankurter@gmail.com for any questions

This text explains the documents shared in HydroShare
The folder contains the necessary files that were used in producing this research

1) -Figures- folder contains the high-resolution PNG version of all the figures
All figures are produced and/or edited in Inkscape,
The plots are produced using MATLAB codes

2) -Monte Carlo Simulation.xlsx- file consists the MCS calculations for all dams
In the first three sheets:
1st column is the simulation number
2nd column is the generated rainfall depth from Table 2
3rd column is the corresponding applied shear stress calculated using the regression equations given in Fig. 6
4rd column is the generated critical shear stress from the defined probability density functions
5th column is the limit state function Z. The magnitudes in this column are categorized into different erosion state magnitudes. To work with the python code for fragility curve fitting, create extra column of Failure(1)/Non-Failure(0) based on the erosion state magnitude.
The fourth sheet summarizes the limit state magnitudes for all three dams.

3) -fitting_fragility_curves.py- file contains the maximum likelihood estimation code for fragility curve fitting

4) -Hydrograpgs.xlsx- file contains inflow hydrographs generated using the HEC-HMS hydrologic model, which served as input for the SSA hydraulic model. It includes two main inflow locations: Jackson Creek, representing the inflow to Cary’s Lake Dam, and Gills Creek, representing the inflow to Upper Rocky Ford Dam. The file provides hydrographs for various storm return periods—10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 years—as well as the 2015 historic flood event. For each event, the hydrographs include the mean flow along with the lower and upper bounds of the 90% confidence interval (CI).

Notes:
1) The random simulation samples are generated using short python scripts for rainfall depth and critical shear stress
2) The complete hydraulic calculations for determining overflow properties are tabulated in Table 3 and B1, therefore we do not provide a separate excel file for them.

Credits

Funding Agencies

This resource was created using funding from the following sources:
Agency Name Award Title Award Number
National Science Foundation 2152896
NOAA via the Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology (CIROH) NA22NWS4320003
Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) of the US Army Corps of Engineers W912HZ-21C-0067

Contributors

People or Organizations that contributed technically, materially, financially, or provided general support for the creation of the resource's content but are not considered authors.

Name Organization Address Phone Author Identifiers
M. Hanif Chaudhry University of South Carolina
Jasim Imran University of South Carolina

How to Cite

Kurter, E. C., A. Nemnem (2025). A Fragility Framework for Surface Erosion with Application to Earthen Dam Breaching: Resources, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/cc5b208be7a743aba85e64f2a7c61680

This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CC-BY

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