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| Type: | Resource | |
| Storage: | The size of this resource is 140.3 MB | |
| Created: | Apr 13, 2023 at 6:58 p.m. (UTC) | |
| Last updated: | Apr 01, 2026 at 5:48 p.m. (UTC) | |
| Citation: | See how to cite this resource | |
| Content types: | Multidimensional Content |
| Sharing Status: | Public |
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| Views: | 2976 |
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Abstract
This product provides a national-scale dataset of simulated monthly streamflow across Peru, developed using the PISCO gridded precipitation and evapotranspiration dataset at 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution, coupled with the GR2M rainfall–runoff model and a river routing scheme. The dataset covers the entire Peruvian territory, including transboundary river basins shared with neighboring countries.
The modeling framework generates mean daily discharge for 11,913 river reaches, enabling a fine-scale representation of hydrological conditions at the national level. Model calibration and validation were performed using observed daily streamflow records from 43 gauging stations over the period 1981–2020, ensuring consistency with observed hydrological dynamics.
This dataset is designed to support hydrological analysis, monitoring, and decision-making, and will be regularly updated to incorporate new simulations and improvements.
Subject Keywords
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Coverage
Spatial
Coordinate System/Geographic Projection:
WGS 84 EPSG:4326
Coordinate Units:
Decimal degrees
North Latitude
1.1858°
East Longitude
-67.3807°
South Latitude
-19.5189°
West Longitude
-82.8494°
Temporal
| Start Date: | |
|---|---|
| End Date: |
Content
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readme.txt
PISCO_GR2M v2.0 - README ============================================================ DESCRIPTION ============================================================ PISCO_GR2M v2.0 is a national-scale hydrological dataset providing simulated monthly streamflow across Peru. The dataset was developed using: - PISCO gridded precipitation and temperature datasets - GR2M rainfall-runoff model - river routing model It provides continuous monthly discharge estimates for 11,913 river reaches (COMIDs), covering Peru and transboundary basins. ============================================================ DATA COMPONENTS ============================================================ 1) NetCDF file - PISCO_GR2M_v2.0.nc 2) River network (vector) - riv_pisco_GR2M_v2.0.gpkg 3) Catchments (vector) - cat_pisco_GR2M_v2.0.gpkg ============================================================ NETCDF DATA STRUCTURE ============================================================ Format: NetCDF (.nc) Temporal resolution: monthly Units: m3/s Variables: - comid Unique identifier of river reaches (COMID) - time Time dimension (days since 1970-01-01, UTC) - flow Simulated monthly streamflow (m3/s) Dimensions: [time x comid] Notes: - Flow values correspond to routed discharge using RAPID - Time is stored as UNIX time (seconds since 1970-01-01) ============================================================ SPATIAL DATA STRUCTURE ============================================================ All spatial data are provided in GeoPackage (.gpkg) format. ------------------------------------------------------------ 1) River Network (riv_pisco_GR2M_v2.0.gpkg) ------------------------------------------------------------ Geometry: Line (river reaches) Main attributes typically include: - COMID Unique river reach identifier (links with NetCDF) - Length / Length_km River reach length - Upstream / Downstream IDs Connectivity within the river network - Other hydraulic/topologic attributes may be included Purpose: - Defines the routing network used by RAPID - Enables visualization and mapping of streamflow ------------------------------------------------------------ 2) Catchments (cat_pisco_GR2M_v2.0.gpkg) ------------------------------------------------------------ Geometry: Polygon (subbasins) Main attributes typically include: - COMID Unique identifier matching the river reach outlet - Area / Area_km2 Catchment area - Other physiographic attributes (if included) Purpose: - Defines contributing areas for each river reach - Used for spatial aggregation and analysis ============================================================ LINK BETWEEN DATASETS ============================================================ The key linkage across all datasets is: COMID - NetCDF: identifies time series of streamflow - River network: spatial location of flow - Catchments: contributing drainage area ============================================================ ABBREVIATIONS ============================================================ PISCO : Peruvian Interpolated data of SENAMHI observations ARNOVIC : ARNO/VIC hydrological model implementation RAPID : Routing Application for Parallel Computation of Discharge COMID : Unique identifier for river reaches ============================================================ NOTES AND LIMITATIONS ============================================================ - Streamflow values are simulated, not direct observations - Model calibrated using 43 gauging stations (1981–2020) - Suitable for regional and national-scale applications - Local-scale use requires validation with observed data - Uncertainty may increase in small catchments or ungauged regions ============================================================ ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ============================================================ COMID finder: https://hllauca.github.io/PISCO_HyD_ARNOVIC_map/Identificar_COMID.html HydroShare resource: https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/f1b537f338f24533af5dab946b51d215/ ============================================================ AUTHOR ============================================================ Harold Llauca SENAMHI - Peru hllauca@senamhi.gob.pe ============================================================
Data Services
The following web services are available for data contained in this resource. Geospatial Feature and Raster
data are made available via Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services. The provided links can be copied and pasted
into GIS software to access these data. Multidimensional NetCDF data are made available via a THREDDS Data Server
using remote data access protocols such as OPeNDAP. Other data services may be made available in the future to
support additional data types.
Related Resources
| This resource is described by | Llauca H, Lavado-Casimiro W, Montesinos C, Santini W, Rau P. PISCO HyM GR2M : A Model of Monthly Water Balance in Peru (1981–2020). Water. 2021; 13(8) :1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081048 |
How to Cite
Llauca, H. (2026). The PISCO_GR2M Monthly Streamflow Product for Peru (v2.0), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/f1b537f338f24533af5dab946b51d215
This resource is shared under the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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