ABSTRACT:

Rainfall and streamflow monitoring has been conducted in the Helambu region of central Nepal as part of the "Nepal-FRES" (Frontier Research in Earth Sciences) project. This research has focused on the Melamchi Khola Valley. More information on this project can be found at the link in the "Additional Metadata" section below.

Rainfall measurements were made using tipping bucket gauges at 6 sites starting in 2022, with 2 additional sites added in 2024. Further details provided in metadata files associated with rainfall datasets.

Streamflow was measured in three tributaries to the Melamchi Khola, also beginning in 2022: the Bhatar Khola, the Jansing Khola, and the Kartik Khola. Streamflow measurements were made via stage level records generated by pressure transducers, calibrated by stage-discharge relationships. Further details are provided in the metadata associated with the streamflow datasets (pending review and public release as of July 2024).

Soil and paired air temperature data were collected beginning in 2022 at seven sites across a gradient in elevation along the eastern ridge of the valley.

Soil moisture measurements (with paired temperature data) started in 2024 at five sites and will be added here when available, together with any additional relevant datasets as they become available.

Multiple mapping datasets were associated with this project including maps of landslides and related mass movements during different time intervals, with one focus being on the 2021 Melamchi Flood.

As of 2024, measurements are continuing and will be updated periodically via version-updating of the datasets associated with this collection. Additional datasets beyond those described here will be added as new resources and described in an update to this Collection description.

ABSTRACT:

This resource includes 30-minute GPM IMERG data downloaded for central Nepal, saved in a MATLAB variable with an accompanying function to retrieve a timeseries from coordinates, as well as CSV files with GPM IMERG rainfall generated for each DHM, ICIMOD, and FRES station in the area of interest.

This resource also includes a composite "scaled" rainfall product which uses the DHM, ICIMOD, and FRES gauges to correct the magnitude of the unprocessed GPM IMERG data.

Data are compiled and interpreted for the 2010-2022 time period.

ABSTRACT:

This collection contains 3 sources of rainfall data covering Central Nepal, and especially the area around the Melamchi Khola. These data were collected and assembled as part of the Nepal FRES project.

The first resource contains precipitation data from tipping-bucket gauges installed in and around Melamchi Valley. The first gauges were installed beginning in 2022. Others were installed later. Details are in the readme with the resources. Rainfall data collection is ongoing as of 2026.

The second resource contains private daily and hourly rainfall data purchased from the Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) and the International Centre for Integrated MOuntain Development (ICIMOD).

The third resource contains public 30-minute satellite rainfall data (GPM IMERG) downloaded for the entirety of central Nepal from 2010-2022. This third resource also contains a "scaled" rainfall product which scaleds the 30 minute GPM IMERG timeseries to match daily rainfall totals from DHM, ICIMOD, and FRES stations.